ka-

Forms a noun that denotes partnership or companionship; co-
?ka- + ?kawat (“play”) → ?kakawat (“playmate”)

?ka- + ?iwal (“fight”) → ?kaiwal (“enemy”)

Derived terms

Cebuano

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ka/ [k?]

Etymology 1

Compare Tagalog ka-.

Prefix

ka- (Badlit spelling ?)

(added to adjectives) denotes a state of being; -ness
Synonyms: pagka-, ka- -an

?ka- + ?linaw (“calm”) → ?kalinaw (“calmness”)

?ka- + ?bugnaw (“cold”) → ?kabugnaw (“coldness”)
(added to an adjective) used in exclamations; how...
Synonyms: -a, ka- -a

?ka- + ?init (“hot”) → ?kainit! (“how hot!”)
(added to nouns or verbs) denotes partnership or companionship; co-
Synonym: isigka-

?ka- + ?klase (“class”) → ?kaklase (“classmate”)

?ka- + ?away (“to fight”) → ?kaaway (“enemy”)

Derived terms

Cebuano terms prefixed with ka-

Related terms

Etymology 2

Prefix

ka- (Badlit spelling ?)

short for maka-

Chichewa

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ka/

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Bantu *kà-.

Prefix

ka-

Class 12 noun prefix, used with a diminutive or depreciative meaning

Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Bantu *ká-

Prefix

ka-

Class 12 subject concord.

Gabadi

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ka/

Prefix

ka-

marks the first-person plural inclusive ("we, including you") subject on a verb
?ka- + ?dibaia (“to spear”) → ?kadibaia (“we (incl.) speared it”)

?ka- + ?mai (“to come”) → ?kamai (“we (incl.) came”)

Derived terms

Category Gabadi terms prefixed with ka- not found

References

Oa, Morea and Ma`oni Paul. (2025-08-06). Tentative Grammar Description for the Gabadi Language. [working paper, draft created november 2013; editor: Eileen Gasaway]. Ukarumpa, Papua New Guinea: SIL International. Available online: [1]. For the prefix ka-, see page 23, section "5.1.1 subject marking".

Japanese

Romanization

ka-

Rōmaji transcription of か

Javanese

Romanization

ka-

romanization of ?-

Kangean

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ka/

Prefix

ka- (verb base)

accidental aspect of the passive intransitive verb
?ka- + ?gibe (“bring”) → ?kagibe (“(accidentally) taken along”)

Kapampangan

Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ka-, from Proto-Austronesian *ka-.

Prefix

ka-

implies companionship or partnership when prefixed to a root
?ka- + ?abe (“to accompany”) → ?kayabe (“partner”)

?ka- + ?lagyu (“name”) → ?kalagyu (“namesake”)
used to refer towards a location: to; toward; in; at; on
?ka- + ?pusu (“heart”) → ?kapusu (“in the heart”)

?ka- + ?paninap (“dream”) → ?kapaninap (“towards the dream”)
implies similarity or interaction when prefixed to a root noun
?ka- + ?lupa (“face”) → ?kalupa (“someone/something similar; look-alike”)

?ka- + ?pate (“fight”) → ?kapate (“enemy”)
implies repeated action when prefixed to a root that repeats the first syllable
?ka- + ?gulisak (“shout”) → ?kagugulisak (“repeatedly shouting”)

?ka- + ?isip (“mind, thought”) → ?kaiisip (“thinking a lot”)
implies causing or producing something in an extreme degree when prefixed to a root that repeats the first two syllables
?ka- + ?dapat (“should”) → ?karapat-dapat (“deserving”)

?ka- + ?santing (“handsome”) → ?kasanting-santing (“wonderful”)
implies recent action when prefixed to a root that repeats the first syllable and followed by pamu
?ka- + ?datang (“come”) → ?kadaratang (“recently arrived”)

?ka- + ?punta (“go”) → ?kapupunta (“recently went”)
implies emphatic, before an adjective, non-productive and followed by na, da or ta
?ka- + ?timyas (“cute”) → ?katimyas (“so cute”)

?ka- + ?yumi (“innocence; pure”) → ?kayumi (“how pretty”)

Derived terms

Kimbundu

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *kà-.

Prefix

ka- (plural tu-)

noun class prefix, used with a diminutive meaning

Derived terms

Kimbundu terms prefixed with ka-

kambunda

Minangkabau

Prefix

ka-

Used to form ordinal numbers

Mohawk

Prefix

ka-

third person feminine/neuter agent pronominal prefix

Alternative forms

-	Initial consonant
Environment	t/s/h/k	n/r/w/’	a	e/en	o/on	i	y
Word-Initial	ka-	ka-	w-	w-	i-	ken-	ka-

Prefix

ka-

noun prefix

References

Gunther Michelson (1973), A thousand words of Mohawk, University of Ottawa Press, page 9
Nora Deering, Helga H. Delisle (1976), Mohawk: A teaching grammar (preliminary version), Quebec: Manitou College, page 173

Mokilese

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /?ka-/

Etymology 1

Prefix

ka-

Used to form causative verbs

Usage notes

This prefix sometimes takes the forms koa-, ke- and ko-.

Derived terms

Etymology 2

Prefix

ka-

Used to form ordinal numbers

Northern Ndebele

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Prefix

ka-

he, she, it; class 1 subject concord; form of u- used when another prefix precedes.

Old High German

Prefix

ka-

(Bavarian) alternative form of gi-

Old Javanese

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ka-.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ka/

Prefix

ka-

passive verb-forming prefix

Derived terms

Old Javanese terms prefixed with ka-

Descendants

Javanese: k-, ?- (ka-), ??- (ke-)

Phuthi

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Prefix

ka-

-ly; forms adverbs of manner from adjectives and relatives.

Derived terms

Phuthi terms prefixed with ka-

kadze

kakgulu

kamunadzi

South Efate

Etymology

Probably related to South Efate go

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ka/

Prefix

ka-

and (forms dependent verbs)

Southern Ndebele

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Prefix

ka-

he, she, it; class 1 subject concord; form of u- used when another prefix precedes.

Sundanese

Etymology 1

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ka-.

Prefix

ka- (Sundanese script ?-)

verb-forming prefix
1. accidental aspect of the passive transitive verb
  ?ka- + ?tijek (“to step on”) → ?katijek (“(accidentally) stepped on”)
  
  ?ka- + ?bedil (“gun”) → ?kabedil (“(accidentally) shot”)
2. perfective aspect of the passive transitive verb
  ?ka- + ?déngé (“to hear”) → ?kadéngé (“to be heard”)
  
  ?ka- + ?baca (“to read”) → ?kabaca (“to be read”)
3. implies that the action can be done
  ?ka- + ?harti (“meaning”) → ?kaharti (“(can be) understood”)
noun-forming prefix
1. abstract noun-forming prefix
  ?ka- + ?rugi (“loss”) → ?karugi (“loss”)
  
  ?ka- + ?hayang (“to want”) → ?kahayang (“desire, want”)

Usage notes

Not all roots can be prefixed with ka- only. Some verbs, due to semantic reasons, must feature the suffix -an.^[1] For example:
?ka- + ?merdika (“free, independent”) + ?-an → ?kamerdikaan (“independence”)

?ka- + ?kalangkang (“shadow”) + ?-an → ?kakalangkangan (“to become overshadowed”)

Etymology 2

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ika-, from Proto-Austronesian *Sika-. Compare Malay ke-, Tagalog ika-

Prefix

ka-

numeral-forming prefix
1. ordinal number forming prefix; -th
  ?ka- + ?hiji (“one”) → ?kahiji (“first”)
  
  ?ka- + ?sapuluh (“ten”) → ?kasapuluh (“tenth”)

References

^ Prof. Dr. T. Fatimah Djajasudarma (2013), Fonologi dan Gramatika Sunda [Sundanese Phonology and Grammar] (in Indonesian), Bandung: PT Refika Aditama, →ISBN

Swahili

Pronunciation

Audio (Kenya): (file)

Etymology 1

Prefix

ka-

third-person singular animate (m class_(I)) recent-past perfective marker
Near-synonyms: a li-, a me-
- 1973, Mohammed S. Abdulla, Duniani kuna watu, page 5:
  Nimefanya jitihada mwenyewe na Mungu kanisaidia, […]
  I have worked hard on my own and God has helped me, […]
- 2013, “Rais Obama kaondoka, tusirudie maisha ya aibu”, in Mwananchi?^[2]:
  Rais Obama kaondoka, tusirudie maisha ya aibu
  President Obama has left, let us not return to a life of shame

Etymology 2

Ultimately from Proto-Bantu *kà-.

Prefix

ka-

(colloquial or dialect, nonstandard) noun class 12 prefix, used with a diminutive or depreciative meaning

Swazi

Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Prefix

ka-

-ly; forms adverbs of manner from adjectives and relatives.

Derived terms

Swazi terms prefixed with ka-

kahle

kakhulu

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Prefix

ka-

he, she, it; class 1 subject concord; form of u- used when another prefix precedes.

Tagalog

Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ka-, from Proto-Austronesian *ka-.

Pronunciation

(Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /ka/ [k?]
Syllabification: ka-

Prefix

ka- (Baybayin spelling ?)

implies companionship or partnership
?ka- + ?sama (“to accompany”) → ?kasama (“partner”)

?ka- + ?opisina (“office”) → ?kaopisina (“coworker”)
implies similarity or interaction
?ka- + ?mukha (“face”) → ?kamukha (“someone/something similar; look-alike”)

?ka- + ?away (“fight”) → ?kaaway (“enemy”)
(with initial syllable repetition) implies repeated action
?ka- + ?sigaw (“shout”) → ?kasisigaw (“repeatedly shouting”)

?ka- + ?isip (“mind, thought”) → ?kaiisip (“thinking a lot”)
(with initial syllable repetition, followed by lang or lamang) implies recent action
?ka- + ?punta (“going”) → ?kapupunta (“recently went”)

?ka- + ?luto (“cooking, cuisine”) → ?kaluluto (“recently cooked”)
(with initial two syllables repetition) implies causing or producing something in an extreme degree
?ka- + ?galang (“respect”) → ?kagalang-galang (“inspiring great respect”)

?ka- + ?paniwala (“belief”) → ?kapani-paniwala (“very plausible”)

Derived terms

Tagalog terms prefixed with ka-

Tooro

Alternative forms

(before /e/) ke-
(before /o/) ko-

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *ká-.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ka-/

Prefix

ka-

class 12 pronominal concord
?ka- + ?-nu (“this, these”) → ?kanu (“this (class 12)”)
they; class 12 subject concord
?ka- + ?-kora (“to do”) → ?kakora (“it (class 12) does”)
positive imperative form of -ka- (“it; class 12 object concord”)
?ka- + ?-ha (“to give”) → ?kaha (“give it (class 12)”)

References

Kaji, Shigeki (2007), A Rutooro Vocabulary?^[3], Tokyo: Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA), →ISBN, page 414

Tumbuka

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Bantu *kà-

Prefix

ka-

Class 12 noun prefix, used with a diminutive or depreciative meaning.

Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Bantu *ká-

Prefix

ka-

Class 12 subject concord.

Xhosa

Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Prefix

ka-

-ly; forms adverbs of manner from adjectives and relatives.

Derived terms

Xhosa terms prefixed with ka-

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Prefix

ka-

he, she, it; class 1 subject concord; form of u- used when another prefix precedes.

Yao

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Bantu *kà-.

Prefix

ka-

Class 12 noun prefix

Zulu

Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Prefix

ka-

-ly; forms adverbs of manner from adjectives and relatives.

Derived terms

Zulu terms prefixed with ka-

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Prefix

ká-

he, she, it; class 1 subject concord; form of u- used when another prefix precedes.

Etymology 3

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Prefix

ka-

alternative form of ma- (hortative)

References

C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972), “ka-”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “ka-”

[1] Prof. Dr. T. Fatimah Djajasudarma (2013), Fonologi dan Gramatika Sunda [Sundanese Phonology and Grammar] (in Indonesian), Bandung: PT Refika Aditama, →ISBN

[1]

class	person	independent	possessive	subject concord	object concord	combined forms
class	person	independent	possessive	subject concord	object concord	na	ni
class 1	first	nyowe, nye	-ange	n-	-n-	nanyowe, nanye	ninyowe, ninye
	second	iwe	-awe	o-	-ku-	naiwe	niiwe
	third	uwe	-e	a-	-mu-	nawe	nuwe
class 2	first	itwe	-aitu	tu-	-tu-	naitwe	niitwe
	second	inywe	-anyu	mu-	-ba-	nainywe	niinywe
	third	abo	-abo	ba-	-ba-	nabo	nubo
class 3		gwo	-agwo	gu-	-gu-	nagwo	nugwo
class 4		yo	-ayo	e-	-gi-	nayo	niyo
class 5		lyo	-alyo	li-	-li-	nalyo	niryo
class 6		go	-ago	ga-	-ga-	nago	nugo
class 7		kyo	-akyo	ki-	-ki-	nakyo	nikyo
class 8		byo	-abyo	bi-	-bi-	nabyo	nibyo
class 9		yo	-ayo	e-	-gi-	nayo	niyo
class 10		zo	-azo	zi-	-zi-	nazo	nizo
class 11		rwo	-arwo	ru-	-ru-	narwo	nurwo
class 12		ko	-ako	ka-	-ka-	nako	nuko
class 13		two	-atwo	tu-	-tu-	natwo	nutwo
class 14		bwo	-abwo	bu-	-bu-	nabwo	nubwo
class 15		kwo	-akwo	ku-	-ku-	nakwo	nukwo
class 16		ho	-aho	ha-	-ha-	naho	nuho
class 17		(kwo)	N/A	ha- (...-yo)	-ha-	N/A	nukwo
class 18		(mwo)	-amwo	ha- (...-mu)	-ha-	N/A	numwo
reflexive		-enyini, -onyini	—		-e-	—

直肠窝积液是什么意思	秋天能干什么	腰底部疼痛跟什么病有关	天天喝牛奶有什么好处	出生证明有什么用
只欠东风的上一句是什么	抑制素b检测是什么意思	纳甲是什么意思	龙抄手是什么	口腔溃疡用什么药治疗
抗糖是什么意思	eblan是什么品牌	得不到的永远在骚动什么意思	尚书是什么官职	此生不换什么意思
女朋友的弟弟叫什么	女性为什么会感染巨细胞病毒	发烧吃什么退烧药	经费是什么意思	当律师需要什么条件

烈女怕缠郎是什么意思hcv8jop5ns8r.cn	淋巴细胞百分比偏低是什么意思hcv7jop6ns8r.cn	林俊杰什么时候出道的hcv9jop4ns0r.cn	心肌梗塞是什么症状hcv7jop9ns8r.cn	Mo什么元素jinxinzhichuang.com
动卧是什么意思hcv7jop4ns5r.cn	肌肉萎缩是什么原因hcv8jop7ns2r.cn	鸡柳是什么肉hcv9jop8ns2r.cn	支付宝提现是什么意思hcv8jop8ns2r.cn	花五行属什么hcv9jop5ns4r.cn
肠胃不好喝什么茶hcv8jop7ns8r.cn	c4是什么驾驶证hanqikai.com	tvb是什么意思hkuteam.com	香水edp什么意思hcv8jop5ns4r.cn	焦点是什么gangsutong.com
新生儿为什么有黄疸weuuu.com	孕妇熬夜对胎儿有什么影响hcv9jop1ns3r.cn	俄狄浦斯情结是什么意思hcv9jop6ns0r.cn	红色裤子搭配什么颜色上衣hcv9jop5ns7r.cn	女人右眼跳是什么意思ff14chat.com